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Becoming the language you believe
McMahon, J. Pages 7-19Author(s): James McMahon
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 7-19
No. of Pages: 13
Keywords: language; culture; community; psychotherapy
Summary/Abstract: Heidegger quipped, “Language is the house of being”. He meant that we exist and function in language. This paper will argue for language games (Wittgenstein) as applied to psychotherapy and other interventions - with a sidelong glance at some definitions and semantics.
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Parental attitude and adjustment towards children with Down Syndrome: A comparative study
Ghojavand, Z. & Ghojavand, G. Pages 20-32Author(s): Ghasem Ghojavand , Zahra Ghojavand
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 20-32
No. of Pages: 13
Keywords: adjustment; attitude; parents; child; Down syndrome
Summary/Abstract: The present study attempts to compare the attitude and adjustment of parents of children with Down syndrome. Through simple random sampling method the present researchers selected 100 mothers and fathers, who had children with Down syndrome and who were admitted in the institute for the mentally handicapped at Shahid Modares Center of Isfahan in Iran. Parental age group was 30-50 years. Adjustment Inventory, Scale of Parental Attitude towards Mental Retardates, and a personal data sheet were used for data collection. T-test was used for statistical analysis. The results indicated significant difference in emotional and social adjustment and attitude between mothers and fathers. But the attitude between them was not significantly different in family and health adjustment. The results further showed that the social and emotional adjustment and attitude of mothers with children having Down syndrome were better than that of the fathers. But there was no significant difference between the parents in home and health adjustment.
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Gender stereotypes in Romanian society. Implications for the measurement of masculinity and femininity
Stan, R. & Secui, M. Pages 33-53Author(s): Rosana Stan, Monica Secui
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 33-53
No. of Pages: 21
Keywords: gender stereotypes; masculinity; femininity; Bem Sex Role Inventory
Summary/Abstract: Gender stereotypes represent an important topic approached by the specialists in the field of gender studies, due to their implication for the identity development and perception of others. Gender stereotypes origin in the social categorization, considered a necessary and adaptive component of the information processing, yet inducing a number of biases of the social perception, as prejudice and even discrimination (Tajfel, 1981). Concerning the measurement, the study of the stereotypes has been based on the assignment by the respondents of some traits seen as characteristic for the target group. Our sample consisted in 100 participants with different educational level and employment status, 50 women and 50 men, aged between 18 and 53. Based on the list of personality traits contained in Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) (Bem, 1974), in our study we tried to identify the extent at which the traits typically associated to masculinity and femininity in different cultures are considered differentially desirable for men and women by the Romanian respondents. We presented the manner in which traits were considered to be descriptive for the prototypes of the two categories presented, namely man and woman, and we discussed the implications for the measurement of masculinity and femininity in Romanian society.
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Influence of gender and home environment on educational aspirations of Indian adolescents
Jagpreet Kaur Pages 54-64Author(s): Jagpreet Kaur
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 54-64
No. of Pages: 11
Keywords: adolescents; educational aspirations; gender; home environment
Summary/Abstract: Educational aspirations have been identified as a main strategy for widening educational participation in the lifelong learning process. The present study explored the effect of gender and home environment on educational aspirations in a random sample of 200 adolescents studying in +1 class in the government and private schools located in Patiala, the district of Punjab. The data were collected with the help of educational aspirations scale and home environment inventory. The results of the t-test revealed significant gender differences in educational aspirations among adolescents. Further, it was found that educational aspirations among adolescents are negatively and significantly correlated with the negative dimensions of home environment viz. deprivation of privileges, rejection and permissiveness. However, the educational aspirations among adolescents are significantly and positively correlated with positive home environment dimensions of reward and nurturance. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Preservice teachers using blogs to reflect on field experience
Szabo, Zs. Pages 65-76Author(s): Zsuzsanna Szabo
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 65-76
No. of Pages: 12
Keywords: blogs; reflective journal; classroom management; teacher education
Summary/Abstract: Using the theory of critical reflection, this paper describes the use of blogs as reflection tool by preservice teachers in a graduate level Classroom Management topics course. Description of course tasks involving reflections posted to blogs are presented. The results show that consistency in posting critical reflections on field experience by preservice teachers, posted to weekly blogs, are related to their course performance in other assignments. The benefit of reflections posted to blogs is also stressed by students in their end - semester feedback. The paper concludes with a discussion on lessons learned and offers several suggestions to be considered by instructors who wish to use blogs in relation to other course assignments.
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Violence risk in personality disorders
Petriş, A. O. & Podea, D. Pages 77-88Author(s): Alin Petriş, Delia Podea
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 77-88
No. of Pages: 12
Keywords: psychopathy; personality disorder; violence risk assessment; PCL-R; HCR-20
Summary/Abstract: The history of personality disorders renders evident the evolution of defining and identifying them towards a forensic evaluation concept, mainly promoted in the psychological and juridical-psychiatric domain. The assessment of personality disorders described in DSM and ICD, on priority diagnoses of behavioral type, although it may serve as a mark, relatively non-controversial, it causes polemic between the specialists in medical-legal expertise. Consequently, in order to reveal the personality traits associated to psychopathy, is used the Psychopathy Checklist (Hare, PCL-R, 1991; 2003). Modern statistic and clinical instruments (PCL-R, HCR-20) win ground in psychiatric forensic evaluation and violence management. The prediction of violent behavior by statistic instruments requires a validation on particular populations.
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Adaptation study of the Problem Solving Inventory on the Romanian population
Marian, M. & Roşeanu, G. Pages 89-101Author(s): Gabriel Roşeanu , Mihai Marian
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 89-101
No. of Pages: 13 Keywords: problem-solving; confirmatory factor analysis; Romanian sample; PSI
Summary/Abstract: The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI; Heppner & Petersen, 1982) is a widely used measure that assesses one’s perceived problem-solving ability, behavior and attitude; it is used in the United States, Romania and other countries. The study analyses from an experimental point of view the PSI on a Romanian sample, and also establishes its psychometric parameters. Data were collected from four samples (ns=422, 223 women; 199 men). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis on the current sample supported the model proposed by the authors of the instrument. The data provided support for the PSI and enhances the generalizability of some of the previous findings based on the U.S., Mexican, and South African samples. Also, this study provides information that promotes our knowledge about the efficacy of problem-solving constructs.
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The relationship of self-regulation and self-efficacy with academic stress in university students
Arabzadeh, M., Kadivar, P., Nildel, F., Kavousian, J., &Hashemi, K. Pages 102-113Author(s): Mehdi Arabzadeh, Fariborz Nikdel , Parvin Kadivar , Javad Kavousian , Katauoon Hashemi
Language: English
Subject(s): Psychology
Issue: II - 2/2012
Page Range: 102-113
No. of Pages: 12
Keywords: self-regulation; self-efficacy; academic stress
Summary/Abstract: The present study aims at investigating the relationship of self-regulation and self-efficacy with academic stress in university students. To this aim, 200 students (80 males and 120 females) were selected by cluster sampling from students of six faculties in Tehran Tarbiat Moallem University. The instruments used to serve the purpose of the study include Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire (1995), General Self-efficacy Scale (1981), and Academic Stress Scale (1991). According to the analysis of the results and correlations, while self-regulation, cognition, meta-cognition, and self-efficacy have a positive and significant relationship with each other, they show a negative and significant relationship with academic stress. The results also indicate that self-regulation and self-efficacy affect academic stress directly. The pattern revealed by this study indicates that self-regulation affects academic stress through self-efficacy that acts as a mediator variable.
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